Order vs. Chaos in Greek Mythology - 1516 Words

Order vs. Chaos Respected Storm God’s in ancient mythological literary works such as the Enuma Elish, The Baal Cycle, and both versions of the Illuyanka Myth play an important role in associating cultural beliefs with the defeat of chaos. These three works show a variety of ways in which the Storm God defeats dragon-like monsters and how the gods bestow their trust in the Storm God to maintain order, as the Storm God is the protector of all creation. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast these three literary works to demonstrate the defeat of order over chaos. In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, Marduk, the Storm God defeats the dragon-like monster Tiamat. In the Ugaritic Baal Cycle, the Storm God, Baal, defeats the serpent Yam.†¦show more content†¦As stated by the author, â€Å"[Tiamat] elevated Kingu, made him chief among them. The leader of the ranks, command of the Assembly, the raising of weapons for the encounter, to combat, to direct the battle, to control the figh t.† Tiamat prepares for battle against one of her own, one of her offspring; she defies family and is ready to fight. As stated by the author, â€Å"Tiamat prepares for battle against the gods, her offspring.† In both version one of the Illuyanka Myth and in the Enuma Elish, the serpents use their children to assist in defeat against the Storm God. The battle between Baal and Yam in The Baal Cycle can also be comparable to the battle between Marduk and Tiamat in the Enuma Elish. In The Baal Cycle, Yam sends for El to try and have Baal surrender to Yam. The gods are afraid of Yam, just like the gods are afraid of Tiamat in the Enuma Elish. The author in The Baal Cycle writes â€Å"Sea sent two messengers†¦Leave, lads, do not turn back; now head toward the Assembly in council, at the center of the mountain of night. Do not fall at El’s feet.† Yam wants to take Baal’s place and stature along with his power, and El agrees. Yam says to El â€Å"El, give up the one you are hiding, give up Baal and his powers, the son of Dagon: I will assume his inheritance.† Baal refuses and conquers the serpent with the two clubs presented to him by Kothar instead of surrendering to the serpent’s request. In the Enuma Elish, Tiamat uses a similar approach to try and get MardukShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology An d The Lightening Thief1940 Words   |  8 Pagesgoddess, deep deep down to the frightful underworld, to be seated by the King of the Dead, Hades. Greek mythology is very interesting and can also be very interestingly weird. In the lightening thief we see the very interesting part about Greek mythology. The lightening thief uses the modern day society to tell the adventure packed story. In this essay I will give you an overview of Greek mythology, along with a summary and analysis of The Lightening Thief. Hero is the main theme of this storyRead MoreEssay on Death In Venice1006 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Emma Fisher Brother Williams English 251 Transformation from Apollonian to Dionysian Writers often bring mythology into their writing to give the storyline and characters more depth and complexity. In Death in Venice by Thomas Mann, Mann uses the gods Apollo and Dionysus and the struggle between opposites to demonstrate the ultimate downfall of the novella’s main character, Aschenbach. Often times, a writer creates a character as a representation of the Apollonian character and another separateRead MoreOedipus versus Madea675 Words   |  3 PagesOedipus vs. Madea Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings concerning the gods, goddesses, and heroes, and the world. It was the religion in ancient Greece, and the only one that they likely practiced, similar to how we practice religion today. Myths are thought to be present so that we can understand the nature of what a myth is. An important function of myths is to maintain natural and social order. Although the creation myth begins with Chaos, the story works to provide a specificRead MoreClassical Culture - Bellerophon2361 Words   |  10 Pageshappened in the case of Bellerophon. At this point in the myth Bellerophon was the quintessential hero. He was powerful, royal, divine, triumphant and in charge. However, there was one more heroic trait that he had yet to display, his hubris. Like many Greek heroes Bellerophon became too proud of himself and this resulted in his fall. Seeking more adventure still, even after all of the adventure he had already been faced with, Bellerophon, who was now king of Lycia, sought out one last adventure. BellerophonRead MoreParallel Greek Myths Essay examples1896 Words   |  8 PagesParallel Greek Myths Mythology is the traditions that have been passed down orally, among a culture, for many generations. Myths can include several different elements, often varying slightly. Most include fantasy or unnatural characters, such as monsters, dragons, gods and goddesses. Myths generally tell a story which is the basis for many beliefs among a culture. Greek and Roman myths encompass the gods that the cultures worship. Myths often serve to teach a lesson or play on superstitionsRead MoreA Comparison of the Creation of Man in Various Schools of Thought1792 Words   |  8 Pagesperiod of just a few days, and created man to watch over his creation. They believed in a Creatio ex Nihilo (â€Å"creation out of nothing†), where one omnipotent being shaped the world and Man before setting them to their own devices . However, the ancient Greeks had a different creation myth. They believed in primordial gods which sprung out of a chaotic void. These gods then reproduced and, after a few generations and a few titanic wars, the surviving gods settles into a Parthenon which then ruled over theRead MoreThe Gods vs. Man Essay1966 Words   |  8 PagesThe Gods vs. Man God. That one word has a lot of weight to it, doesnt it? It had even more significance to the Greeks. It was something they feared and respected. Throughout history men have always wanted to be like the gods. It is something that is seen over and over, mans universal struggle to be like the gods. Is it mans fault that he wants to be like the gods? Or is it the gods fault? The story Oedipus Rex by Sophocles shows that mans arrogance and fallibleRead MoreBible: The Book of Daniel2244 Words   |  9 Pages(South Wind, North Wind, East Wind, West Wind) to prevent the escape of Tiamat described as the dragon of the deep. This inclusion of the wind from the four areas of the earth creates a cosmic effect of a world in chaos. The Bible often reflects God’s use of the wind to bring order to chaos (see Job 26:12-13; Gen 1:1-2). Apparently, the stirring suggests the need for God’s response to a chaotic situation as affirmed. The New Interpreters Bible Commentary adds an additional point view to this imageryRead MoreInformative Speech on Michael Jackson3232 Words   |  13 PagesHawaii 29. The Amber Alert System 30. Historical Landmarks 31. Conner Prairie 32. Online Dating 33. A Career You’re Interested In 34. Greek Mythology 35. Yoga Informative Speech Topic Organization Examples (person, place, thing, or event) Person – Topic: Michael Jackson Chronological (Time) – Thesis/Preview: From a humble suburban beginning to the bright lights and chaos that is a celebrity’s life, today I am going to tell you all about the interesting life and death of Michael Jackson. I.Read MoreElements of Postmodernism in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don Delillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons the Crying of Lot 496348 Words   |  26 Pagesfictional characters with sound bites on subjects ranging from ragtime to Greek philosophy.† It was written in the late 1960s and deals with the current cultural issues of the time. Set in 1920s New York City, the novel takes its plot from the struggles of The Wallflower Order, an international conspiracy dedicated to monotheism and control, to contain the Jes Grew rapidly spreading disease that threatens the social order. This, as the author calls it, â€Å"anti-plague† actually liberates the body

The Mission And Vision Of A Senior Mechanical Engineer...

Introduction The acclimation into an organization can be a challenging process, yet a rewarding opportunity for companies that understand the importance of onboarding. Onboarding is more than a new employee orientation. It should consist of several processes, which acclimates the new employee into the culture and environment of the organization to ensure a successful transition. â€Å"Socialization can be conceptualized into a process of three stages: pre-arrival, encounter and metamorphosis† DeCenzo, D. A., Robbins, S. P. (2013).This paper will focus on how a senior mechanical engineer will ascend into the position and culture of Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools (CMS). Pre-arrival Stage This stage of the onboarding process will focus on the organization. The mission and vision of the department will align itself to the onboarding process so that everyone is aware of how the process works. The incoming engineer area will be properly equipped with all the tools necessary to make the first day a successful day. All the technology needs are in place, phone systems, voice-mail and other office needs are properly working. One of the common challenges for new hires is the ability to access company systems and networks. During the pre-arrival stage, the director of maintenance will reach out to the new hire again, extending a welcome to the department. This strategy is important, because this is a hard to fill position, the department should maintain an open line of communication with

Assess the view that the process of globalization has led...

Assess the view that the process of globalization has led to changes in both the amount of crime and the types of crime committed. The globalization of crime has become a renowned problem for the law worldwide; as societies become more interconnected, an act in one country can have repercussions in another which is across another continent. This is primarily down to technological developments, as nowadays communication between countries is simple compared to decades ago. Alongside this transport is also a major problem, as it means that illegal activities can take place in more than one country as goods are transferred between the two, allowing the criminal world to reach all corners of the world. The idea that globalization has†¦show more content†¦As technology is used worldwide, it is in no way hard to get your hands on, or learn how to use computers etc. One of the most significant problems with cybercrime is it’s secretive nature; many protection devices which can be cracked will not pick up that they have been, therefore the majority of cybercrime will go unnoticed for a substantial amount of time. Combined with the world wide web, hackers can use the computers to gain information from any organisation around the world, penetrating even the most impenetrable organisations to get what they want, highlighting how technology has led to the process of globalization within the criminal world. Looking away from technology, globalization has also been affected by human nature, as they explore the world and discover new things. Ever since the slave trade, human trafficking has been a highly significant problem, as people are transported across continents for other peoples’ benefit. Nowadays, the purposes of these people may have changed from the days of agriculture and manual labour into more modern work such as prostitution and organ removal, but the methodology behind it is still similar. This highlights that the process of globalization is not something that is new, but that instead some aspects of it were created centuries ago. Some people may argue that the increased connections between countries hasShow MoreRelatedNature and Causes of Global Money Laundering8912 Words   |  36 Pages 6 History 9 Money laundering and Globalization 13 Nature of Money laundering 14 Methods of Money Laundering Read MoreChemical, Biological, Radiological, And Nuclear Weapons10512 Words   |  43 Pagessignificant fear since the attacks of 9/11. Al-Qaeda’s use of airplanes as a weapon became the cause of mass terror and destruction to the American people as well as the world. The threat of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons has been in the back of everyone’s mind since 9/11. This creates a challenge that is new, but not unprecedented. As terrorism evolves, it begs the question: how will the availability of and information pertaining to CBRN weapons and materials increase terrorist’sRead MoreImpact of Electronic Banking System in Nigeria. a Critical Appraisal of Unity Bank Plc13433 Words   |  54 PagesFULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) FINANCE SEPTEMBER, 2010 1 CERTIFICATION This project with the title â€Å"The Impact of Electronic Banking in Nigeria Banking System† submitted by Olorunsegun Shittu and has satisfied the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master in Business Administration (MBA), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Supervisor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Date ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Head of DepartmentRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 Pagesand Technology 5-7 November 2003, Bangkok UNESCO Regional Unit for Social Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights,Read MoreManagement and Rolls Access Code14663 Words   |  59 PagesFayol’s contributions to management theory. †¢ Describe Max Weber’s contribution to management theory. †¢ Explain how today’s managers use general administrative theories of management. Quantitative Approach †¢ Explain what the quantitative approach has contributed to the field of management. †¢ Discuss how today’s managers use the quantitative approach. Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior †¢ Describe the contributions of the early advocates of OB. †¢ Explain the contributions of the HawthorneRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesInternational Management Education iii This page intentionally left blank Preface C hanges in the global business environment continue unabated. The global financial crisis and economic recession have challenged some assumptions about globalization and economic integration, but they have also underscored the interconnected nature of global economies. Most countries and regions around the world are inextricably linked, yet profound differences in institutional and cultural environments persistRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of Hyatt Hotels Corporation and How It Relates to Competition Within the Hotel Industry27390 Words   |  110 Pagespower 22 Buyer Power 22 Threat of substitutes 22 Threat of new entrants 23 Competitor Environment 23 Introduction 24 Future objective 25 Current strategy 26 Capability 28 Assumption 30 Driving Forces 31 Economic growth 31 Globalization 31 Technology 32 Room Service Remodeling 33 Go green 33 Key Success Factors 34 Multiskilled and flexible workforce 34 Franchising 34 Quickly adopt new technology 35 Strategic Group Map 35 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 39 ResourcesRead MoreHrm Training and Development15736 Words   |  63 PagesStandard performance – Actual performance. We can make a distinction among training, education and development. Such distinction enables us to acquire a better perspective about the meaning of the terms. Training, as was stated earlier, refers to the process of imparting specific skills. Education, on the other hand, is confined to theoretical learning in classrooms. |Table 1. Training and Education Differentiated | |TrainingRead MoreDell Computer Corporation – Strategy and Challenges for the 21st Century16121 Words   |  65 Pages2 Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors 17 4.3 Pressure from substitute products 18 4.4 Bargaining power of buyers 18 4.5 Bargaining power of suppliers 18 4.6 Conclusion of the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 19 5. RESOURCE BASED VIEW (Internal Analysis) 20 5.1 Resource Value Chain – Tangible Resources 20 5.2 Resource Value Chain – Intangible Resources 21 5.3 Internal Analysis 21 6. PORTER’S GENERIC VALUE CHAIN (Internal Analysis) 22 6.1 Primary Activities 22 6.1.1 InboundRead MoreDell Computer Corporation – Strategy and Challenges for the 21st Century16130 Words   |  65 Pages16 4.2 Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors 17 4.3 Pressure from substitute products 18 4.4 Bargaining power of buyers 18 4.5 Bargaining power of suppliers 18 4.6 Conclusion of the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 19 5. RESOURCE BASED VIEW (Internal Analysis) 20 5.1 Resource Value Chain – Tangible Resources 20 5.2 Resource Value Chain – Intangible Resources 21 5.3 Internal Analysis 21 6. PORTER’S GENERIC VALUE CHAIN (Internal Analysis) 22 6.1 Primary Activities 22 6.1.1 Inbound

Reflection On And Comparison Of Religions - 1598 Words

Reflection on and Comparison of Religions I identify as a Catholic whose Portuguese upbringing prominently influenced my religious background. My cultural values and faith are so intertwined that I view both elements as one aspect of my identity rather than two separate entities. While introducing my religious viewpoint in class, I felt this wave of vulnerability and shame that I may have been perceived as agreeing with everything Catholicism stands for, which is certainly not the case. I felt misunderstood and that I needed to explain why certain Catholic beliefs do not resonate with my own. I identify as highly religious, even though I negate aspects of my faith, which may be seen as counterintuitive; I felt the need to explore more on†¦show more content†¦Attending catechism, I learned about God and the power of sin. In my eyes, my worldview of Catholicism is that one must constantly reflect on his/her behaviors and intentions to make sure we are providing the necessary love for others just as God loves us. Altho ugh humans commit sins every day, through salvation and the power of reflection, God forgives. The practice of reflection within oneself can also be found in other religions including Taoism and Buddhism. The worldview of Taoism emphasizes on achieving harmony in oneself (Religious Chart, 2006). According to Monaghan Viereck (2011) followers of Taoism â€Å"practice spiritual and physical asceticism that ultimately transforms the body into a luminous being of light.† The Buddhist religion also emphasizes on reflection, suggesting that one must acknowledge impermanence and learn to detach from life’s suffering (Monaghan Viereck, 2011). The Buddhist religion centralizes on the concept of â€Å"cetana† in which one must reflect on his/her intentions to avoid negative karma (Monaghan Viereck, 2011). Thus, although religion is commonly understood as worshipping an external entity, many faiths consist of an aspect of looking within oneself. Following the Word of God Catholicism enforces a substantial amount of attention to sinning and the need to repent. I was taught that humans are born with the original sin and only by theShow MoreRelatedSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:       Read MoreReligion Is Defined As A Set Of Beliefs, Practices, And Values1726 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Religion is defined as a set of beliefs, practices and values based on the teachings of a spiritual leader, the majority of religions in practice today revolve around God, multiple Gods or even God like figures.[ ] This definition of religion covers the vast majority of religions in practice today, for instance Christianity where God and Jesus are worshipped and Islam where God and Mohammad are worshipped. Although religions differ in terms of the way in which they are practiced andRead MoreTraditional Tales As A Reflection Of Culture1217 Words   |  5 Pages Traditional tales are a reflection of culture in which they are told due to various aspects. They deal with goddesses, gods, and other supernatural creatures that relate to humans. The importance of myths being traditional tales and a reflection of culture displays the civilization and society of a myth and its truths. Human culture conserves historical records within the human language. It is known that humans were telling tales quickly after they developed the ability of speech, resulting inRead MoreReflection Paper About Buddhism738 Words   |  3 PagesTheravada. In this reflection paper, I will examine how I attend at Buddhist religion, my essential learning of Buddhism, the manners of being in a sanctuary, what I know have shown me from a youthful age. Also, I will express my own sentiments, perspectives and individual experience particularly on Karma. Buddhism is an exceptionally spellbinding, quiet, human-focused religion. Like numerous different religions with age, Buddhism is one of the most established religions out there, dating theRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychology Of Women1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: SELF-REFLECTION 1 Self-Reflection: Psychology of Women Critical Thinking Paper 1 Hillary Cohen University of Maryland SELF-REFLECTION 2 My name is Hillary Cohen and I identify as a Jewish straight American woman. I grew up in a Conservative community surrounded by people who were a little more and a little less religious than I was. While growing up, my parents always made sure to let me and my sisters know that we could do anythingRead MoreThe Philosophy And Philosophy Of Ibn Al- à ¸ Arab Æ’â„ ¢765 Words   |  4 PagesCategory: Religion/Philosophy/Islamic Philosophy and Theology The main themes of the book consist of epistemological tools, i.e. revelation, the human intellect, inspiration-unveiling used by Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « and Ibn Taymiyya, and a theological subject, the divine names and attributes that they have detailed elaborations on it. Synopsis: The purpose of the book is to focus on potential similarities found in epistemological hierarchies of Ibn al-Ê ¿ArabÄ « (d. 1240) and Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), and reflectionsRead MoreThe Biggest Influences On Young Adolescents1192 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize to obtain information and gain a personal perspective on the issue being explored. With the addition of several secondary sources, more information in regards to the issue can be obtained to further explore the issue. In modern society, religion and spirituality are concepts that are recognized as relatively important and significant. Young adolescents in society, develop their religious and spiritual beliefs and practices in the context of social relationships, which are primarily influencedRead MoreWalt Whitman Poem Analysis978 Words   |  4 Pagesrhymes, it can also be said that rhyming draws some of the creative freedom out of a poem, when a poet or poetess is writing one. Thus, the poem was written in free verse, because of the previous explanations. Another component of the poem was the comparison of life to a maze, and how everyones path to the end of the maze is different, because they are all unique. This touched basis with the attitude of the poem, which was on the optimistic side, but it was promoting individuality. It can be difficultRead More Dom Casmurro by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, and Chronicle of A Death Foretold by 1330 Words   |  6 PagesDom Casmurro by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, and Chronicle of A Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez Works Cited Not Included Religion is supremacy, perfection and spirituality. A typical Latin American religious community heavily relies on religion to provide a moral framework to guide and protect its citizens. However, projecting religion in the light of perfection is superficial. In actuality, it often contains flaws underneath its idealistic teachings. The inadequacy in maintainingRead MoreAnalysis Of Schleiermacher s On Religion1499 Words   |  6 Pagesshall consider the given extract from Schleiermacher’s â€Å"On Religion; Speeches to its Cultured Despisers†. Schleiermacher’s fifth and final speech explores the range of religions presentations viewed across the world and how this impacts the idea of the plurality of God. Not only this but in his conclusion, Schleiermacher puts forward the idea that Christianity can be viewed as separate from all other religions as the most accurate form of religion, and his reasons for this will take up the majority of

Judith Wright Poetry Essay Example For Students

Judith Wright Poetry Essay Judith Wrights poetry reflects her unique vowels of Australia To what extent does this statement reflect your understanding of Judith Wrights poetry? Discuss this question with detailed reference to two poems from the BOSS prescribed text list. Judith Wright is an Australian poet who has a distinctive way of capturing her unique vision of Australia throughout her poems. Good morning teachers and students, Judith Wright is a well-known Australian poet who was born in Remedial, Australia in May 1915. As she has grown within the land it has allowed her to create a connection which influences the way she presents the landscape that surrounds her. Wrights poems are famous for her inimitable way of capturing the relationships between mankind and the environment. Wrights poems South of my days and Platypus are perfect examples of how Wright captures these relationships. One of Wrights unique visions of Australia is that it can be both full of beauty in the flora and fauna and yet to be one of tragedy, this Is shown thought-out the poem South of my Days. Through her experiences within the land Wright has been able to e the beauty such as the flora and fauna and the tragedy within the land through the disasters that can occur such as the drought. Wright shows that the landscape Is full of beauty through the use of alliteration; in Rises that table land, high delicate outline of bony slopes wincing under the winter. The use of the word delicate suggests the beauty of the land. While the alliteration of wincing under the winter allows us to feel as though we are placed within the bleak landscape. Also in stanza one we are shown Wrights perspective of the landscape and the beauty she sees. Low trees blue -?leaved and lean hungry country Wright uses accumulation and personification to suggest to us the fragile and delicate state that the landscape is in due to the extremes of the winter and the drought. Furthermore, Wright expands on the tragedy that comes with this beauty, she is able to do this through using the persona of old Dan, she changes the perspective to old Dan through using a very Australian language, old Dan describes to us the battle that is faced within the landscape and how mans livelihood and the cattle are challenged in his environment, Mud around them hardened like iron the use of the simile allows the us to grasp the concept of how strong and tough the Australian landscape can be and how difficult It can be to battle against. Wright then progresses to explicates how easily the Australian landscape can take life, Three hundred head of a thousand- cruel to keep them alive Wright has used this line to emphasis to the reader Just how cruel and tough the landscape can be. Wright has a unique vision of the Australian landscape in which she encapsulates the beauty and tragedy in the landscape. Australian landscape has changed due to humanity is a common theme used throughout the poem platypus. We are able to see Wrights perception of the landscape changes due to humanity in the use of the destruction of the platypuses habitat. The poem explores the destruction that humans have caused and how it has shaped/changed Wrights perspectives on both the landscape and humanity. Within the first and second stanza Wright has contrasted the water from when she was a young girl with the water being clear to when time has shifted and now being scummy fetter Foul Ron grass This allows us to see the drastic changed that humans have caused, it allows us to have a better perspective on what she is seeing and to give us a greater understanding on her idea that humans are causing destruction to the landscape. .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .postImageUrl , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:hover , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:visited , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:active { border:0!important; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:active , .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7 .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb775efc9bbbe290e5ce7f019ae2e9e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dorian Gray's Defining name EssayWe then again see how humanity is destroying the pool, the pool runs thick with car-bodies, cans, oil. The river is dead. The accumulation and abruptness of her words shows the seriousness of what is happening to the pool. Through the illegal dumping it has led to the destruction of the pool. The use of the word dead represents the idea that not only the river is dead but the platypus has died, she reinforces this idea in the poem when saying your gone. Stanza four finally shows us how she feels about these changes, we see that even now years later she still feels for this platypus that has died due to humanitys mistakes. But at this late midnight suddenly my mind runs clear and you rise through Write a poem for your sake Like the ripples of your wake. The line write a poem for your sake conveys how Wright feels as though she is obliged to tell humanity of what destruction they have caused. The use of the work Wake portrays o us that the platypus is still in her memory. The Australian landscape has changed due to humanity is a theme that is shown throughout the poem and is made evident what Wright thinks and feels about the change that is happening to the landscape due to humanity. Judith Wrights poetry reflects her unique and distinctive vision of Australia to a great extent. She is able to portray her concept of the landscape through the various use of techniques and themes. Two of Wrights poems that conveys her unique vision is South of my Days and Platypus.

Research on Transport & Environment Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Investigate and research the Volkswagen (VW) diesel car scandal that was first reported, worldwide, in the late summer, early autumn of 2015. It is claimed that VW wrote software, for the engine management systems of many models of its diesel cars, that is able to detect whether each individual car is being tested for its exhaust emissions or whether the that same car is being driven on the open road. When being tested the car emits less poisonous exhaust emissions. On the road it emits more. What are the legal, social, ethical and professional issues relating to the above scenario? Answer: Introduction The report would investigate and research the Volkswagen (VW) diesel car scandal that was reported worldwide in the late summer, early autumn of 2015. Upon analysis of the case scenario, the researcher would identify the legal, social, ethical and professional issues associated with the car scandal (Blackwelder et al. 2016). A personal development plan would be developed to demonstrate the changed thoughts of the learner on social, legal, professional and ethical issues, which would keep him up to date about such occurrences in the mere future. Legal Issues The prosecutors of Germany instigated an investigation into the former Volkswagen Boss Martin Winterkorn regarding the rigging of vehicle emission tests, as the carmaker evacuated three engineers with an attempt to handle the chaotic situation (Coghlan, 2015). The former owner of Volkswagen received several criticisms for allegedly selling carts with manipulated emissions data. The brand was under huge legal pressure due to the disastrous scandal committed in their 78-year history. While getting involved in the lawsuit, the organization approached to a US Law Firm to conduct a thorough investigation on the scandal. The German Automakers felt under serious legal trouble, which included criminal charges. The criminal charges were brought under notice as the brand sold 11 million diesel cars worldwide, containing software, which assisted in cheating emission tests (Oldenkamp, van Zelm Huijbregts, 2016). The Clean Air Act probed for fine up to $37500 for each of the 482000 -suspected Volkswagen cars distributed in the United States. The total fine summed up to $18 billion approximately. There was also a probability of class-action lawsuits by the furious owners of Volkswagen. William Carter, the former general counsel of the California Environmental Protection agency stated that the brand would face a series of state and federal, administrative, civil and criminal charges. The brand also became the victim for Fraud charges as they used the medium of internet and the e-mail to implement the deceptive procedure. There were also queries arising about the money laundering acts as investigators suspected that Volkswagen launched illegal proceedings in the overseas market (Pearce, 2015). The legal authorities yielded gigantic fines for the rising concerns related the safety of the cars due to the scandal. The profit margin and the cash reserves of the brand suffered immensely due to the massive fines imposed on them. The internal auditing left the organization with further legal trouble leading to termination, restructuring and other corporate alterations. On 9 September 2015, the department of Justice launched a policy memorandum, which ordered prosecution of company executives involved in the fraud case of car scandal (Hankel, 2015). The investigators took active participation in examining the root of the issues, which also highlighted several unfamiliar faces in the rigging case. Volkswagen was not the only brand, which came under the limelight of US criminal investigation. Toyota and General Motors have also experienced the same music at an earlier stage. However, the two brands entered the Deferred Prosecution Agreements, which gave them stipulated time duration to put their organization into a particular order by dropping the criminal charges to a later date (CMA, 2016). The agreement turned out to be an attractive option for the brand to neutralize the chaotic situation in an effective manner. Germany had to transfer its nationals within the EU under the European Arrest Warrant Scheme. Bob Clifford, a partner at Clifford Law Offices launched a class action on behalf of the Volkswagen consumers. The Volkswagen dealers also initiated group actions for the contract breach, resulting into suing of the shareholders due to loss of shares in the competitive market (Carvalho, 2016). The environmental authorities also accused the brand for the number of asthma patients suffering by the poisonous emissions of the Volkswagen cars. Social Issues The Brand was an absolute failure in terms of corporate social responsibility. The brand intentionally planned a circumvent emissions control with the objective of giving an unfair advantage to the brand over its competitors. The ploy made Volkswagen the leading brand in the world in terms of supposedly environment friendly cars, elsewhere; it was poisoning and polluting the atmosphere in reality (Wolf, 2016). The resignation of the higher authorities clearly signified the fact that the CSR department of Volkswagen was aware of the unethical acts. Volkswagen did everything under their control to avoid the contaminating effects of the cars. In accordance to Volkswagen, CSR was a marketing exercise. The lust of enhancing the profit margins of the organization ultimately affected its social image in the competitive market. The organization did not bother about the fact that the cars are poisoning the atmosphere by emitting 40 times the legal limit of Nitrogen Oxide, as long they were in the top of the charts amongst the competitor brands (Zar et al. 2016). The ignorant approach towards the well-being of human population resulted in causing several health hazards. The brand preferred organizational sustainability in contrast to that of the planet, which lost several lives every year due to respiratory diseases. The Corporate Social Responsibility allowed the brand to parade their virtue and look promising, while the internal stands dipped down the line. The higher authorities manipulated the pollution level of its cars. The negative image earned by the brand would always mark a black spot in their success story. However, Volkswagen was named as the 11th best organization in the World, in terms of corporate social responsibility. Hundreds of pages were written about their improvement policies and contributions towards society, until the time reality unleashed its evil deeds towards the society (Barrett et al. 2015). Despite alteration of the corporate culture and management, the brand is struggling to impress the consumers. The failure to address the social concerns could blur their existence from the competitive market. Ethical Issues Volkswagen was accused for disregarding the EPA Laws and restrictions and inventing software for avoiding them. The high percentage of Nitrogen Oxides emissions polluted the air of the United States at an alarming rate. Volkswagen took active participation in cheating the emissions test by reducing the torque and Nitrogen Oxides emissions. When the car was not under testing, then a separate program enhanced the torque, acceleration and fuel economy of the cars, thus resulting in humongous emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (Nieuwenhuijsen et al. 2016). It was a clever ploy until it did not came under the lamp light. However, the approach was unethical in nature. A European Non-Profit Organization, The International Council for Clean Transportation was into a shock as Volkswagen was suddenly passing all the tests coming in their way. In order to address the particular concern, they contacted the Center for Alternative Fuels and Engine Emissions (CAFEE). CAFEE detected the non- compliancy of the engines, even though the car brands passed the US emission tests. When the results were out in the year 2014, the brand tried to divert the issues by stating that technical problems were the main reasons behind the increasing emissions of the Volkswagen Cars (Hough, 2013). However, EPA was clever enough to state that the 2016 Volkswagen Diesel models would not get certifications until they give plausible answers. The ethical dilemma finally made the Volkswagen Owner to surrender their unethical act of installing defeat device in their engines. The main culprit were the higher authorities who designed the scheme, that engineers intentionally signed off on code for avoiding the purposes of EPA and Clean Air Act Regulations. The cheating continued for seven long years, until the final detection came into effect. This kind of scenario could only take place that is ethically corrupted by nature. No one really suspected that Volkswagen would be indulged into unethical practice, which affected the integrity of the organization in a negative manner (Archer, 2015). The corporate maleficience caused several health hazards for the normal citizen s of the country such as asthma, lung infection, cardiac issues etc. The Volkswagen car scandal was one of the biggest business ethics failures in relation to scales and reputational loss. Upon performing the ethical misconduct, the brand lost the trust of the consumers, thus affecting the revenue and profit margin of the organization. The Volkswagen emissions scandal not could shook the sector of corporate governance but also raised concerns against the assistance of risk management (Holland et al. 2015). The Volkswagen crisis is outcome of a three-pronged governance and cultural instability in marketing, risk management and internal controls. The ethical misconduct came into effect due to lack of interconnectivity amongst the three sections. Professional issues The brand lost subsequent shares in their business dealings due to the car scandal issues, as it hampered the brand image and trust factor of the consumers in a negative manner (Boiten, 2013). The organization share was 19% lower in the fiscal year, which was a spot of bother for the business acquisitions of the brand in the competitive market. While coming under the scrutiny of EPA and US criminal investigation, the share of the brand continued to slide at regular intervals (Marshall, 2016). The Stock Market of the brand showed a huge dip since EPA made the announcements about the car scandals of Volkswagen. Volkswagen knew that it would require much more than changing leadership and corporate overhaul to clear the picture after it received criticisms due to cheating in US diesel emission tests. Despite the falling profit margin of the brand, the concern for the new CEO of Volkswagen was to stabilize the chaotic atmosphere raised in the United States, which was then compared to the 2010 BP Oil Spill. Humility was the name of the game as there was display of contrition in the US advertising campaign about the brand (Simms, 2013). The brand was exposed to a number of public and private lawsuits, government enquiry, compensation and recall expenses, the accumulated cost of which would exceed 6.5 billion Euros ($7.28 billion) it has put aside. The climate of fear was very much evidential bout the brands. The investors and suppliers were taking a step back, as the concealing atmosphere was mounting further pressure on the profit margin of the brand in the competitive market (Hopkins, 2013). The competitors of Volkswagen with likes of Renault and PSA Peugeot Citroen went ahead of the brand, thus hurting its brand image on a constant basis. The humiliation of Volkswagen would weaken the European pricing, further eroding the core brands narrow margins and requiring still bigger cuts from the unions. The brand was under serious pressure as their professional acquisitions were at stake. Personal Development Plan The personal development Plan would highlight the experience gathered by the learner while conducting the research on the car scandal of Volkswagen. Upon identification of the rising concern, the PDP would also consist of the necessary precautions that need to be taken for avoiding such issues in the mere future. Issues Observation Precaution Time Frame Legal State, federal, administrative and criminal charges Fined under the rules and regulations of Clean Air Act Class Action Lawsuits Breach of contract resulting in suing of the stakeholders Money laundering acts Confessing openly about the allegations of ethical misconducts and fraud Complying with the deferred prosecution agreement , which would give certain time for the organization to stabilize and pay the compensations and fines Firing all the authorities involved in the Volkswagen car scandal Serious penalties to the executives or higher authorizes of the brand upon further violation of legal rules and regulations 12 -18 months Social Total Failure in terms of corporate social responsibility Risking life of human population for enhancing the profit margin of the organization Intentional and voluntary participation of higher authorities and engineers in rigging vehicle emission tests Fake publicity about CSR policies before the incident of Volkswagen car scandal To be fully transparent about organizational operations and process and embracing the open source Re inventing the CSR policy and maintaining a cleaner environment The higher authorities should take up the responsibility for organizational actions Extra speculations on the department handling CSR policies 12-15 months Ethical Disobeying EPA laws Poisonous Nitrogen Oxide Polluting the Gas Respiratory problems in Human Beings Complying with the laws initiated by EPA Withdrawing all the Volkswagen car models from the market that comprise of cheating emissions mechanism Providing compensations to the consumers acquiring the cheating emissions mechanism in their car model Launching medical campaigns for treating the patients suffering from respiratory diseases due to Nitrogen Oxide emissions Complying with the ethical code of conduct Engineering education and maintaining business ethics 12-18 months Professional Loss of Market share Affected Stock Market Affected Profit margin Competitors gaining upper hand Experiencing climate of fear amongst the consumers and the company executives Change of corporate governance Change of leadership and management Openly communicating the problems to the supervisors, managers or the consumers Enhancing brand recognition through advertisement and marketing campaigns Providing extra facilities to the baffled consumers 8-12 months Conclusion On the contrary, it concludes that the reputation of a brand is the most decisive factor of success in the competitive market. The supposedly leading organization, Volkswagen was under the lamplight due to the car scandal. The organization faced several legal issues, which affected their profit margin in a negative manner. When it comes to corporate social responsibility, the brand lost the trust of the consumers, which allowed competitor brands to take advantage of the situation. The ethical misconduct was always under scrutiny as they disobeyed the rules and regulations of EPA. There was a fear in the climate, which affected the professional dealings of the brand. Several brands tarnished their image due to misconducts; therefore, it is a test for Volkswagen to see whether they can rise from the ashes of bad reputation earned off late. References Archer, G. (2015). Transport Environment Barrett, S. R., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Dedoussi I. C., Ashok, A., Malina, R., Keith, D. W. (2015). Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health.Environmental Research Letters, 10 (11), 114005 Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J. S., Wozniak, D. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal Boiten, E. A. (2013). The UK government is working in a Snowden-free bubble. Carvalho, H. (2016). The end of diesel-powered cars?.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,4(1), e2-e3 CMA, C. C. V. (2016). The Volkswagen ProblemStrategic Finance, 97(8), 15 Coghlan, A. (2015). The curious case of NO x pollutionNew Scientist, 227(3041), 10-11 Hankel, A. (2015). Detected and Defeated.Quality Progress,48(11), 12 Holland, S. P., Mansur, E., Muller, N., Yates, A (2015). Damages and expected deaths due to excess NOx emissions from 2009-2015 Volkswagen diesel vehicles.Environmental Science Technology Hopkins, M. (2013) Humanitarian Perspective on Social Innovation In Social Innovation(pp. 35-55). Springer Berlin Heidelberg Hough, D. (2013). Germany and the UK: The Slow and Winding Road to Reform InCorruption, Anti-Corruption and Governance(pp. 93-113) Palgrave Macmillan UK. Marshall, P. (2016). Issue: Technology and Business Ethics Technology and Business Ethics Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Khreis, H., Verlinghieri, E., Rojas-Rueda, D. (2016) Transport And Health: A Marriage Of Convenience Or An Absolute Necessity.Environment international,88, 150-152 Oldenkamp, R., van Zelm, R., Huijbregts, M. A. (2016) Valuing the human health damage caused by the fraud of VolkswagenEnvironmental Pollution,212, 121-127. Pearce, F. (2015) Seen to be green New Scientist,228(3042), 24-25. Simms, A. (2013).Cancel the Apocalypse: The New Path to Prosperity. Hachette UK. Wolf, M. (2016). Embedded Software in CrisisComputer,49(1), 88-90 Zar, H. J., Billo, N., Ferkol, T., Vestbo, J. (2016) Decade of the lunga call for action to promote lung health globallyThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine,4(1), e3-e4

A Review of Peter Singers Famine, Affluence and Morality free essay sample

Singers goal in the article Famine, Affluence and Morality is to try and get people to understand their moral obligation to help those in need. He uses a refugee camp as an example that people are starving to death. But when you look at the article as a whole, he is trying to show an even bigger picture. There are people suffering all over the world, and there are those who can do something to ease that suffering. Many people choose to turn a blind eye to what is going on around them. They expect the government to step in to provide the necessary aid. As a society dont we have a moral obligation to take care of not only those we see suffering, but also people in other countries who are less fortunate than us. One of the counter arguments presented in this article is that there are millions of people all over the world who are suffering on a daily bases. Why should the refugees in Bengali take precedence over any other country where there are people starving and dying? Its the idea that people get in their minds how can I, one person make a difference? Or why should I give to aid relief if no else is? Singers response to this argument is that we still have a moral obligation to help when we see someone in need. If everyone always had the mindset of what good will my help be or Ill wait for someone to do it first, then no one would ever get any help. Another counter argument is that overseas aid should be the responsibility of that countries government. The counter argument from the article gives the following reason for not giving to private charities giving privately, it is said, allows the government and the noncontributing members of society to escape their responsibilities. (Singer,1972) Singers response to this unfounded assumption is that if no one gives than the government is more likely to assume it citizens dont care about relief, therefore they wont provide the necessary aid. Some people want to believe that they can force the government to take action. What they dont realize is that you cant force the government to do anything. By refusing to give to private charities you are just increasing the suffering. A third counter argument that is presented is that by not giving to relief funds creates population control. The people are going to die anyway so why prolong the inevitable by giving them enough food to last a few more days. While Singer recognizing that it would be imposable for the earth to support a rapidly growing population, should we base our giving on what we thing may happen in the future? If people are suffering shouldnt others who can help provide that help at the present time. If everyone thought about the what ifs than people are going to continue to suffer. Just because someone might die tomorrow does that mean they have to suffer today? Singers concept of marginal utility is whether we should give to the point where we are also suffering to ease the suffering of others? He expressed in the article that we have a moral obligation to prevent bad things from happening. If we are also suffering then nothing bad is actually be prevented. This relates to the article because he is trying to make the point that no one is even willing to give a little, let alone everything they have. Bad things are still happening, people are still suffering. And those who have the power to help choose to do nothing. In Singers proposed world people would want to willing give to help those in need. They would look at giving to charity as a duty and responsibility rather than a burden or hardship on themselves. It can be compared to giving tithes when you go to church. As Christians they feel they have the duty to pay tithes, for many this is done willing and brings them joy. They dont see it as a burden or someone elses responsibility. I am in the middle in regards to Singers article. While I do feel that people who are able to give should; I also get the feeling that Singer would want a world where everyone has the same thing. There are no rich or poor, just one class. Would this type of world prevent suffering? I dont think it would, I think that it would lead to people depending on others instead of working for themselves. Another reason I am leaning more toward a neutral ground is because whenever there is money involved there is also greed. There are fake charities that use relief work as a way to get money. And there are corrupt governments that would use any money donated to benefit themselves. According to the text when there is an economic exchange between people, one party is always going to try and get the most they can. (Mosser, 2010) Im not saying that all charities are bad or that all governments use the suffering of their people to benefit them. In reality it does happen. According to an online article Many aid dollars are stolen by corrupt people at nearly every level of government, and the actual needs of a community are often unmet. Programs are built to satisfy larger governmental bodies and donor interests before considering the interests of the communities. (Gramzinski, 2012) This is one of the reasons I hesitate to side with Singer. How do I know my money is being used for actual aid? Another reason I am in the middle is because there are several people in my own home town that need the help. This argument was presented in the article, but I feel strongly that we should first help those in our own country. There are over 16 million children in America that go without food on a daily bases. (No Kid Hungry, nd) How can I justify giving to a foreign country when I can give to local charities that provide for the people living around me. We as humans do have a moral obligation to take care of each other, Whether its donating to foreign aid or to a local charity. Taking care of others doesnt always have to be in the form of money. Sometimes the time you donate to help others is just as helpful.

Major Uk Parties Agree More over Europe Than They Disagree free essay sample

In this essay I will analyse the policies and actions of the major UK parties that concern the EU and be able to conclude to what extent they agree over Europe. The most obvious example of agreement between the three major UK parties is that they all favour UK membership of the EU, and none of them have expressed interest in entirely leaving Europe. They are all committed to the European Single Market, as by standardising national regulations, the single market makes it easier to do business in the EU and contributes to faster economic growth. They are also in favour of a single market as it would increase competition within the EU leading to lower prices for consumers, and economic ties will help contribute towards European stability, which will reduce the chance of conflict between European states. Another agreement between the major parties is that none of them currently support joining the euro, and have no plans to join the Eurozone in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Uk Parties Agree More over Europe Than They Disagree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite Tony Blair supporting the UK joining the Eurozone whilst PM, Gordon Brown’s five economic tests prevented the UK from adopting the currency. When he took over the role of PM, Brown ruled out membership of the euro for the lifetime of his parliament. Once Labour was voted out of power and Ed Miliband took over as leader, Labour still pledged to keep the pound, with Miliband saying Britains not going to be joining the euro, it wont be joining the euro if Im Prime Minister, meaning Labour has no plans to join the euro for the foreseeable future. Like Labour, the Liberal Democrats have, in the past, been in favour of joining the euro. However, since joining the coalition and the events of the Eurozone crisis, the Lib Dems have also changed their position, saying that they have no plans to join the euro. The Conservatives, on the other hand, have been against joining the Eurozone ever since negotiating an opt-out from the part of the Maastricht Treaty that would have required the UK to adopt the euro. They remain against the joining the euro, with David Cameron saying in his recent speech on Europe that â€Å"Britain is not in the single currency, and were not going to be†. One common criticism of the EU by all three major parties has been the lack of democracy within the EU institutions. Even the pro-European Liberal Democrats have said that the certain parts of the EU need to be reformed. One of the main reforms supported by the major parties is the reform of the EU budget to get better value for money, as they believe that the UK pays too much into the budget and does not get as much out of it as it pays in. A policy that the all parties wish to reform is the Common Agricultural Policy. The CAP takes up 32% of the EU’s budget, but only supports a small minority of EU businesses. They believe that the CAP makes food more expensive in the EU than it needs to be, and that it increases poverty in poor countries by competing unfairly with local farmers. The major parties also support reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, with all three voting in favour of reform of the CFP in the European Parliament in February 2013. The Liberal Democrats and Conservatives both wish to get rid of the Strasbourg Parliament, as it â€Å"costs taxpayers across Europe â‚ ¬457m and sits unused for more than 300 days of the year†. A recent example of the main parties disagreeing over Europe comes with the Conservatives’ pledge to have a referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU if re-elected at the next general election. In his recent speech on Europe that revealed his plans for a referendum, Cameron said that the main reason behind his decision was that euro-sceptics have argued that Britain only ever signed up to a common market, not the EU as it is today. By offering an in-out referendum he hopes to confront this argument made by euro-sceptics and to be able to follow Britain’s best interests with regards to Europe. Labour, however, has no plans to hold a referendum on EU membership on the terms proposed by Cameron. It could be argued, however, that Cameron has only pledged a referendum for electoral reasons – a way of winning back support of euro-sceptics that the Conservatives have lost to UKIP, rather than the referendum being in his best interests. Another disagreement over Europe that again has Labour and the Lib Dems against the Conservatives is the ratification of the Lisbon treaty. The Labour government, who were in power at the time, ratified the treaty by parliamentary process, without the use of a referendum. The Conservatives were against the ratification of the treaty, with Cameron saying that it was â€Å"effectively a constitution for Europe†. As they were not in power at the time, they couldn’t stop Labour from ratifying the treaty so instead Cameron proposed a referendum on the treaty that would take place if he got into power. However, two years after making this promise, he declared that the party’s campaign to hold a referendum was over, saying that it would be impossible for the referendum to go ahead as all 27 member states had ratified the treaty. He blamed Labour for this, saying that they should never have ratified the treaty in the first place. Despite this U-turn on the referendum, it is still clear to see that Labour and the Conservatives have opposite views on the Lisbon treaty. An idea supported by the Conservatives but opposed by Labour and the Lib Dems is the principle of a ‘two-speed’ Europe. The Conservatives are for having a ‘two-speed’ Europe as it will mean that Britain will not have to integrate further into the EU, and it will help protect national sovereignty as it will allow them to negotiate further opt-outs. Labour and the Liberal Democrats are against this idea, as it would create barriers within Europe that may expose weaknesses and result in the ‘breaking up’ of the EU. They also argue that a ‘two-speed’ Europe would give too much power to France and Germany, therefore taking it away from other member states including Britain. In conclusion, it is clear to see that, in general, the major UK parties agree more over Europe than they disagree. They all believe that being in the EU brings many benefits to Britain, and have no plans of leaving. All three major parties support the European Single Market as they believe it leads to economic growth and, despite disagreements in the past, currently have no plans to adopt the euro and do not intend to in the near future. Where there are disagreements between parties, Labour and the Liberal Democrats often take one side, with the Conservatives taking the other. These disagreements to be expected as the Conservatives, despite being in favour of UK membership of the EU, are traditionally more euro-sceptic than the other two parties, and so will not agree with everything that Labour and the Liberal Democrats propose, in the same way that Labour and the Lib Dems will not always agree with Conservative policies.